NETs and Emperipolesis😊

NETs (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps)

• Purpose: "Plan B" for severe infections (phagocytosis insufficient).

• Mechanism:
• Neutrophils expel nuclear chromatin extracellularly 
• traps kill bacteria/fungus.
• Not against viruses

• Amino Acid Needed: 
• Arginine
• Mnemonic: Arginine → No (NO) net (NET)
• Note: Arginine also produce NO

• Other Enzymes
• Arginine deaminase (ROS dependent)
• Neutrophil elastase
• Myeloperoxidase
• Neutrophil get Urge (Arginine deaminase) to make Elastic (Neutrophil elastase) Net (NET) for becoming MP (MPO)

• Other Name: 
• Beneficial Suicide 
• (neutrophil suicide for body's benefit).

• Association:
• Autoimmune disorders like SLE 
• (extracellular nuclear material → anti-nuclear antibody).
• Sepsis

• Difference from Phagocytosis:
• NETs: Extracellular killing.
• Phagocytosis: Intracellular killing.

• No assosiation with mitochondria

Emperipolesis

• Definition:
• Cell sitting inside another cell
• no associated killing.