Absorption of UV Light:
- Cause:
- Due to conjugated double bonds in aromatic rings.
Nucleic Acids:
- Absorb at 260 nm
- Due to nitrogenous bases
- Purines (adenine, guanine) absorb > pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, uracil)
- pU → more Uv
Amino Acids & Proteins:
- Absorb at 280 nm
- Due to aromatic amino acids
- Tryptophan shows the maximum absorption
- Tan - UV
Other Important Absorptions:
- NAD & NADP → absorb at 340 nm
- Porphyrins → absorb at 400 nm (called the Soret Band) → Blue
- Phototherapy → 480 nm
Genetic Syndromes and Associated Tumors
Syndrome | Gene(s) | Chromosome(s) | Inheritance | Tumor Associations |
Ataxia telangiectasia | ATM | 11q22-q23 | AR | Breast |
Bloom syndrome | BLM | 15q26.1 | AR | Several types |
Cowden syndrome | PTEN | 10q23 | AD | Breast, thyroid |
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome | FAS/FASL | 10q24 1q23 | AD | Lymphomas |
Familial adenomatous polyposis | APC | 5q21 | AD | Intestinal adenoma, colorectal |
Familial melanoma 1 | p16INK4 | 9p21 | AD | Melanoma, pancreatic |
Familial Wilms' tumor | WT1 | 11p13 | AD | Kidney (pediatric) |
Hereditary breast/ovarian cancer | BRCA1/BRCA2 | 17q21 13q12.3 | AD | Breast, ovarian, colon, prostate |
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer | CDH1 | 16q22 | AD | Stomach |
Hereditary multiple exostoses | EXT1/EXT2 | 8q24 11p11-12 | AD | Exostoses, chondrosarcoma |
Hereditary prostate cancer | HPC1 | 1q24-25 | AD | Prostate |
Hereditary retinoblastoma | RB1 | 13q14.2 | AD | Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma |
Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) | MSH2/MLH1/MSH6/PMS2 | 2p16 3p21 2p16 7p22 | AD | Colon, endometrial, ovarian, stomach, small bowel, ureter carcinoma |
Hereditary papillary renal carcinoma | MET | 7q31 | AD | Papillary kidney |
Juvenile polyposis | SMAD4 | 18q21 | AD | Gastrointestinal, pancreatic |
Li-Fraumeni | TP53 | 17p13.1 | AD | Sarcoma, breast |
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 | MEN1 | 11q13 | AD | Parathyroid, endocrine, pancreas, pituitary |
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a | RET | 10q11.2 | AD | Medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma |
Neurofibromatosis type 1 | NF1 | 17q11.2 | AD | Neurofibroma, neurofibrosarcoma, brain |
Neurofibromatosis type 2 | NF2 | 22q12.2 | AD | Vestibular schwannoma, meningioma, spine |
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin's syndrome) | PTCH | 9q22.3 | AD | Basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, jaw cysts |
Tuberous sclerosis | TSC1/TSC2 | 9q34 16p13.3 | AD | Angiomyolipoma, renal angiomyolipoma |
von Hippel-Lindau | VHL | 3p25-26 | AD | Kidney, cerebellum, pheochromocytoma |
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 | CDK1B | Not specified | Not specified | Parathyroid, pituitary, gonadal (ovarian/testicular), renal/adrenal tumors (Note: Information about MEN 4 is from a different source but is relevant to genetic syndromes and tumors). |