International Health Agencies😊

International Health Agencies

World Health Organization

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Established on: 7th April, 1948.

Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland.

Main Governing Body: World Health Assembly

World Health Day is celebrated on: 7th April

Theme of World Health Day: My health, my right

Functions:

Prevention and control of any disease in the world,
health and family planning and research.

Has 194 member states.

34 members of executive board → 1/3rd renewed every 3 years.

WHO has: 6 specific regions

India:

South-east Asian region

Headquarter is in Delhi

WHO Regions

Regions (6)	Headquarters
1. America	Washington DC, USA
2. Africa	Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
3. Europe	Copenhagen, Denmark
4. Eastern mediterranean (Pakistan)	Alexandria, Egypt
5. South East Asia (Includes India)	New Delhi, India
6. Western Pacific (Includes China)	Manila, Philippines

Notifiable Disease Outbreaks (International Health Regulations)

PIPCY diseases: Potential pandemics.

Plague
Influenza
Polio
COVID/SARS.
Yellow fever

Note:

Cholera outbreaks → Notifiable.
Cholera (Single cases) → No longer notifiable.
Snake bite → Now notifiable

Other Organisations

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Organisation	Headquarters	Major functions	Assistance in India
UNICEF (United Nations International Children Emergency Fund) Child, child nutrition	New York, US	• GHI indicator • U5MR	• MCH programs • UIP • ICDS • IMNCI and child health • Applied Nutrition Programme (ANP)
FAO (Food and Agricultural Organisation) General nutrition malnutrition	Rome, Italy	ㅤ	• ↑ Food, nutrition • ↓ malnutrition

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SIDA

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DANIDA

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Organisation	Assistance in India
Rockefeller foundation	• Est. All India institute of hygiene and public health, Kolkata. • Work particularly for Rural health, toilets and sanitation. • Mnemonic: Rock vach kakkuus ketti
Ford Foundation	• National Institute of Health Administration and Education (NHAE) at Delhi. • Toilet and sanitation.
World Bank	• All national programs
Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA)	• Assisting TB program • National TB Control Program. • WHO funds for: SIDA.
Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA)	• Headquarters: Denmark. • Blindness program, NLEP, TB program. • National Blindness Control Programme
Colombo plan	• AIIMS (NZ), • Cobalt Radiotherapy therapy unit (Canada), • Skill training workshops
CARE	• Headquarters: Geneva. ↳ Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere
CARE - India (Provides assistance in)	• Integrated Nutrition and Health Project • Improving Women's Health Project • Anaemia Control Project • Improved Health Care for Adolescent Girl's Project Child Survival Project • Family Spacing Project • Konkan Integrated Development Project.
World Food Programme (WFP)	• World's largest international food organization. • Beneficiaries: Poor women and children at risk, poor first dependent population. • WFP developed: ◦ India-mix (40% maize, 40% wheat and 20% full fat soya bean fortified by micronutrients (iron, calcium, vitamin A)) distributed through ICDS project.

United Nation Development Program (UNDP)

Framed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) along with the UN.

Headquarters: New York.

Established in: 1966.

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United Nations

The United Nations framed the Sustainable Development Goals.

Headquarters is in: New York

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Sustainable Development Goals (2015-2030)

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Formulated by United Nations.

Chart for India → Prepared by NITI Ayog

Total goals:

17 goals + 169 targets
Goal 3: Health related.

Targets of goal 3: MNOP

3.1:

M → Reduce MMR <70/ 1 lakh live birth.

3.2:

N → NMR <12/1000 live births (20)
U5MR <25/1000 live births (32)

3.3:

O → End epidemic of AIDS, TB, malaria & neglected tropical diseases by 2030.
OATM

3.4:

P → Reduce 1/3rd of premature deaths from NCD by 2030.

World Bank

Headquarters: Washington.

It assists all countries financially.

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UNFPA

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United Nation Fund for Population Activity.

Mnemonic: FPA → Family planning Association

Headquarters: New York.

What is the maximum population size observed in relation to reproductive programs?

A. World bank
B. UNFPA
C. UNESCO
D. UNICEF

ANS

UNFPA

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)

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Headquarters: New York.

Works predominantly for: child health.

GOBI-FFF campaign was given by UNICEF.

G: Growth monitoring
O: ORS
B: Breastfeeding
I: Immunisation
F: Female Literacy
F: Family Planning
F: Food Supplements

Helps in:

ICDS projects
Applied Nutrition Projects (ANP)

Urban HEART

Urban health equity assessment and response tool (Not technique)

Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO)

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FAO: Food and Agricultural Organization.

Headquarters: Rome

Has taken initiative for 3 F's:

Farming
Forestry
Fisheries

International Labour Organisation (ILO)

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Headquarters: Geneva.

UNAIDS

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Headquarters: Geneva.

Has set policy to achieve: 95-95-95.

By 2030

Global action against the HIV/AIDS epidemic

95% of all people living with HIV

Diagnosed

95% of diagnosed people

Rx with ART

95% of people on ART

Achieve viral suppression

Suraksha Clinic

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Logo: White colour plus with a red dot.

Initiative of: National AIDS control programme

Ensures: Sexual and reproductive health services

Behavioural change therapy for clients of commercial sex workers & high risk population

Manage STIs/RTIs

Syndromic management with kits

Suraksha Clinic vs International Red Cross

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Provides for:

war victims
disasters

Headquarters is in: Geneva.

Organisations: Headquarters and Responsibilities

Organisation	Headquarters	Primary Responsibilities	Additional Notes
International Health	ㅤ	ㅤ	ㅤ
WHO	Geneva	Main Governing Body: World Health Assembly, Theme of World Health Day: My health, my right	Started 7th April 1948. Has 6 specific regions. India: South-east Asian region with headquarter in Delhi.
United Nation Development Program (UNDP)	New York	Framed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) along with the UN.	Established in 1966.
United Nations	New York	Framed the Sustainable Development Goals.	ㅤ
World Bank	Washington	Assists all countries financially.	ㅤ
UNFPA (United Nation Fund for Population Activity)	New York	N/A	ㅤ
UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund)	New York	Works predominantly for child health, GOBI-FFF campaign, helps in ICDS and Applied Nutrition projects.	GOBI-FFF components: Growth monitoring, ORS, Breastfeeding, Immunisation, Female Literacy, Family Planning, Food Supplements.
Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO)	Rome	Has taken initiative for 3 F's: Farming, Forestry, Fisheries.	ㅤ
International Labour Organisation (ILO)	Geneva	N/A	ㅤ
UNAIDS	Geneva	Sets policy to achieve 95-95-95.	ㅤ
International Red Cross	Geneva	Provides for war victims and disasters.	ㅤ
Rockefeller Foundation and Ford Foundation	New York	Particularly work for rural health.	Both have headquarters in New York.
CARE (Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere)	Geneva	N/A	ㅤ
SIDA (Swedish International Development Agency)	Sweden	Assists India in National TB Control Program.	WHO funds for SIDA.
DANIDA (Danish International Development Agency)	Denmark	Assists the National Blindness Control Programme.	ㅤ
The Colombo Plan	New Delhi (AIIMS)	Provides Cobalt Radiotherapy Therapy Units to Medical Institutions in India.	Was held in setting up of AIIMS.
CARE - India	N/A	Provides assistance in: Integrated Nutrition and Health Project, Improving Women's Health Project, Anaemia Control Project, Improved Health Care for Adolescent Girl's Project Child Survival Project, Family Spacing Project, Konkan Integrated Development Project.	ㅤ
World Food Programme (WFP)	N/A	World's largest international food organization.	Beneficiaries: Poor women and children at risk, poor first dependent population. Developed India-mix.

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